The World's Anatomy

Do you know now scientists are talking of five states of matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate. Plasma: The state consists of super energetic and super excited particles. These particles are in the form of ionized gases. The fluorescent tube and neon sign bulbs consist of plasma. Inside a neon sign bulb there is neon gas and inside a fluorescent tube there is helium gas or some other gas. The gas gets ionized, that is, gets charged when electrical energy flows through it. This charging up creates a plasma glowing inside the tube or bulb. The plasma glows with a special color depending on the nature of gas. The Sun and the stars glow because of the presence of plasma in them. The plasma is created in stars because of very high temperature. Bose-Einstein Condensate: In 1920, Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose had done some calculations for the fifth state of matter. Building on his calculations, Albert Einstein predicted a new state of matter- the Bose-E...

Did you know that each time you "like" a picture on Facebook, you give away vital information about your personality? According to Cambridge University's Psychometric Centre, intimate personal attributes can be predicted with high levels of accuracy from 'traces' left by seemingly innocuous digital behavior in this case, "Facebook likes".     Surprisingly, accurate estimates of Facebook users' race, age, IQ, sexuality, personality, substance use and political views can be inferred from automated analysis of only their Facebook likes information currently publicly available by default.     Researchers analysed 58,000 US Facebook users, who volunteered their 'likes',demographic profiles and psychometric testing results through the My Personality application. Models proved 88% accurate for determining male sexuality, 95% accurate for distinguishing ethnicity and 85% for differentiating political inclination. 

Cyber pornography refers to  stimulating sexual or other erotic activity over the internet. The most serious law penalizing cyber  pornography is the IT Act (Section 67). Depending upon content, Sections 67A and 67B (child pornography) may also apply. 66E deals with punishment for violation of privacy. This section covers video voyeurism. Acts like hiding cameras in changing rooms, hotel rooms etc. is punishable with jail up to three years. Other laws that deal with pornography include the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act and the Indian Penal code.     According to Section 67 of the IT Act, "Whoever publishes or transmits or causes to be published in the electronic from any material which is lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest or if its effect is such as to tend to deprave and corrupt persons who are likely to read, see or heat the matter contained as embodied in it, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either descri...

Do you noticed why it is easy to sleep in train not in bus or a car?? The answer is here because each coaches are designed with the resonance frequency of suspension of 1.2 Hz (72 bpm ), this is the same frequency the human heart pumps. So that it makes us to feel more comfortable and let us to sleep and relax. Have you ever wondered why Indian Trains are colored  with blue?? Before 1990, all trains has vacuum braking system. After 1990, an advanced braking system was introduced that was air braking system. After invention it was differentiate between vacuum and advance braking system. so the train with vacuum system were colored with red and train having air braking system were colored with blue. This was not stopped here, Rajdhani, Shatabdi and other trains are special that's why they are colored with difficult colors, Even vacuum braking system is no longer available today.

Hacking: According to Wiktionary, hacking means unauthorized attempts to bypass the security mechanisms of an information system or network. It is computer trespass- the accessing of computer system without the express or implied permission of its owner. The intentions of hackers may vary - from fraud to mere pleasure. Based on the objective, hacking can be classified into financial, recreational, intelligence, military and terrorist hacking. Hacking is not defined in the amended IT Act.  The concerned sections are Sec 43 (a) and Section 66 of the Act read with relevant sections of the Indian Penal Code. The punishment prescribed for dishonest or fraudulent prescribed access is imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or fine which may extend to five lakh rupees or both. the wrong-does is also liable to pay damages to the affected person. Causes of cyber crime:  1.  Lack of awareness among victims and accused   2.  Lack of information se...

Cyber crime encompasses  both cyber contraventions and cyber offences. The difference between the two is the degree and extent of criminal activity. The word 'cyber' was first coined by William Gipson in his novel 'Neuromancer' in the year 1984. The term 'cyber crime' has, however, not been defined in Indian law. It does not find even a mention in the Indian Penal code. But the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines cyber crimes as crimes involving, using or relating to computers, especially the internet. To put in simple terms, cyber crime is an unlawful act where computer is either a tool or target or both. The IT Act 2000 as amended by the IT (Amendment) Act, 2008 is the foundation of cyber law in India. It provides for civil remedies for cyber torts and penal liability for cyber crimes. Cyber crime encompasses both cyber contraventions and cyber offences. The difference between the two is the degree and extent of criminal activity. The Act appli...

Epic Transcontinental Solar Flight: The first ever manned aircraft that can fly day and night powered only by solar energy set a new distance record. When it safely landed after the across-America mission. It landed successfully at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport in the early hours of July 7th morning. The place had taken off from Washington Dulles on 6th July, flying for 18 hours 23 minutes to complete the final leg of its 5650 km journey. In total the trip took 105 hours and 41 minutes with solar impulse travelling at an average speed of 53.3 km/hour.  Andre Borschberg is one of two swiss pioneers who alternately piloted the plane since it departed from San Francisco on 3 may, 2013. He and his fellow co-founder of solar  impulse Bertrand piccard flew first to phoenix, Arizona, before heading to Dallas and St. Louis and Washington D.C, before completing this final leg. It has a slim body, four electric engines attached to enormous wings-flies quietly. Energy prov...

The US army has developed a realistic robot bird that has been tricked real flocks and hawks to attack it midair, making it a potential unsuspecting future war agent. Robo-Raven was developed in university of Maryland researchers including Gerdes , S K Gupta , an Indian-origin scientist.                It glides soars and flaps like a real bird and attracts birds' attention.  Its complete individual wing control allows for extreme aerobatics that no other mechanical bird has ever been able to perform, researchers from the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) claim. However, Its ability to hide in plain sight and light weight is what excites researchers most. It can fly up-to 16 kmph - one day, could be used for surveillance.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) is the widely acknowledged and accepted future of mobility. It is ecologically and economically more viable than internal combustion engine vehicles. EVs can save 474 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) worth Rs 15 lakh crore and generates carbon dioxide savings of 846 million tonnes over their operational lifetime. Battery Technology Lithium-ion batteries are most common due to high energy per unit mass, high power-to-weight ratio, good high temperature performance, low self-discharge, and most components are recyclable. Typically delivers a 320-480 km of range per charge. NiMH batteries has high specific energy, long life cycle, abuse tolerant but is disadvantaged with high cost, high self-discharge and heat generation at high temperature; 200 km of range. Led-acid batteries are inexpensive, safe and reliable but has low specific energy, poor cold temperature performance and short cycle life. Both NiMH and Lead-acid batt...

Environment is deteriorating! Global warming is for real! Cities are turning into gas chambers! Several flora and fauna species are on the verge of extinction! Life expectancy is on a decline! The 21st century world is not oblivious to these human cries. So much so, that the international community was quick to recognize the environmental concerns back in 1997 to have set out de-carbonisation goals in the Kyoto Protocol. The urgency of the situation has again been highlighted, through the 2015 Paris Agreement, to intensify actions and investments to achieve sustainable low carbon future. Britain and Ireland have already declared climate emergency. Countries have set out Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), the key focus of which remains to be the transport sector worldwide. The rapid growth of urbanization, population, wealth and energy security concerns over the last few decades has brought about substantial transformations in the mobility services and busi...

Having a significant global presence, India's automotive industry with the fifth largest transport demand has huge potential to contribute towards the changing global mobility landscape. Form going electric to inculcating practices of ride-sharing to transcending to autonomous driving, the industry is revolutionizing the meaning of mobility. In the process, it is aiming to achieving efficient land use, create new jobs, achieve self-sufficiency in generating energy for vehicles and substantially improve public health. Globally, countries like China are away ahead in its transition from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) to battery operated electric vehicles. India is not far behind. NITI Aayog National Institution for Transforming India  envisages penetration of Electric Vehicles sales to 30% for passengers cars, 70% for commercial cars, 40% for buses and 80% for two- wheeler by 2030. However, India's automotive transition is happening in three-stages from ICE ...

"...Interestingly, the first electric vehicles were produced and sold at the beginning of the 1900's and sales peaked in the early 1910's. Bur technological developments and the discovery of large oil reserves displaced the electric vehicle in favor of the combustion engine. Now, almost 100 years later, electric vehicles are coming back and need to increasingly displace the combustion engine in favor of reducing emissions and air pollution..." The automotive industry has witnessed drastic transformations since its advent. From cattle-driven wooden carts to autonomous driving, efforts have been made to make mobility approachable and accessible by all. The sector has increasingly invested in realizing its mobility objectives that it has overlooked its mounting repercussions on global ecological system. Hence, in the past few decades the world attention has risen immensely to capitalize on cleaner and greener mobility solutions. E-vehicles are the future of m...

Introduction The manufacturing industry is in the midst of a digital revolution. This digital coming of age is helping manufacturers support remarkable industry demands & evolve to meet customer expectations. According to PwC's 2016 Global industry 4.0 Survey of industrial companies now the buzz around the Industry 4.0 has moved from what some saw as PR hype in 2013 to investment and real results today. Respondents expect to significantly increase their portfolios of digital products and services; more than twice as many expect to be at and advance level in this area by 2020 compared to today. Similarly, almost three-quarters of companies expect to have highly digitized horizontal and vertical value-chain processes in five years. What is this industry 4.0?  The term 'Industry 4.0' stands for the fourth industrial revolution . Before going into the depth we have to know what all are the existing and past revolution. While the current industry is 3...

LED : Light Emitting Diodes In general you must know the term LED. If not Don't worry i am not going to teach you the lesson on it. We all have our super guru/master/mentor Mr. Google with us. Briefing the term LED LED's are the diodes that emit light when biased properly. LED's are available in a variety of colors, such as red, yellow, and green. Some, such as infrared LED's, emit light that is not visible to the naked eye. The color emitted by a given LED depends on the combination of elements used to produce the component. LED's are generally produced using gallium (Ga) and one or more of the following elements: arsenic (As), aluminium (Al), indium (In), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N). Some common element combinations are identified in data given below. Most LED's have a forward current (I)Forward limit of 100 mA or less. Compound        Color Emitted GaAs                   Infrared (inv...